ansible安装以及配置优化和实现动态inventory

系统环境

# uname -a    
Linux puppetserver25 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
Kernel \r on an \m

# python -V
Python 2.6.6

所需要的rpm包

ansible-2.2.1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
libyaml-0.1.3-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm
python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
python-crypto2.6-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
python-httplib2-0.7.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm
python-jinja2-26-2.6-3.el6.noarch.rpm
python-keyczar-0.71c-1.el6.noarch.rpm
python-six-1.9.0-2.el6.noarch.rpm
PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
sshpass-1.05-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

服务器如果可以出公网可以使用pip或者yum安装ansible 

1.安装ansible

 yum install ansible -y

2.配置ansible，优化配置，提高ansible性能【/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg】

[defaults]
forks          = 150
transport      = paramiko
#使用facter缓存，默认使用内存，支持redis
gathering = implicit
fact_caching_timeout = 86400
fact_caching = jsonfile
fact_caching_connection = /etc/ansible/facts/cache
host_key_checking = False
remote_user = test
deprecation_warnings = False
callback_plugins   = /etc/ansible/callback_plugins
retry_files_enabled = False
[privilege_escalation]
become=True
become_method=sudo
become_user=root
become_ask_pass=False
[paramiko_connection]
[ssh_connection]
ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
pipelining = True
[accelerate]
[selinux]
[colors]

优化ssh，提高ansible性能

$ more ~/.ssh/config 
Host * 
 Compression yes 
 ServerAliveInterval 60 
 ServerAliveCountMax 5 
 ControlMaster auto 
 ControlPath ~/.ssh/%r@%h-%p
 ControlPersist 4h

3.启用ansible的callback_plugins 显示ansible-playbook的执行时间

$ more callback_plugins/profile_tasks.py
import datetime
import os
import time
from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase


class CallbackModule(CallbackBase):
    """
    A plugin for timing tasks
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super(CallbackModule, self).__init__()
        self.stats = {}
        self.current = None

    def playbook_on_task_start(self, name, is_conditional):
        """
        Logs the start of each task
        """

        if os.getenv("ANSIBLE_PROFILE_DISABLE") is not None:
            return

        if self.current is not None:
            # Record the running time of the last executed task
            self.stats[self.current] = time.time() - self.stats[self.current]

        # Record the start time of the current task
        self.current = name
        self.stats[self.current] = time.time()

    def playbook_on_stats(self, stats):
        """
        Prints the timings
        """

        if os.getenv("ANSIBLE_PROFILE_DISABLE") is not None:
            return

        # Record the timing of the very last task
        if self.current is not None:
            self.stats[self.current] = time.time() - self.stats[self.current]

        # Sort the tasks by their running time
        results = sorted(
            self.stats.items(),
            key=lambda value: value[1],
            reverse=True,
        )

        # Just keep the top 10
        results = results[:10]

        # Print the timings
        for name, elapsed in results:
            print(
                "{0:-<70}{1:->9}".format(
                    ‘{0} ‘.format(name),
                    ‘ {0:.02f}s‘.format(elapsed),
                )
            )

        total_seconds = sum([x[1] for x in self.stats.items()])
        print("\nPlaybook finished: {0}, {1} total tasks.  {2} elapsed. \n".format(
                time.asctime(),
                len(self.stats.items()),
                datetime.timedelta(seconds=(int(total_seconds)))
                )
          )

执行的效果如下

 
test connection --------------------------------------------------------- 1.17s

Playbook finished: Wed Feb 15 13:09:06 2017, 1 total tasks.  0:00:01 elapsed.

4.编写ansible的动态inventory脚本

$ more inventory.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
import argparse
import sys

try:
    import json
except ImportError:
    import simplejson as json


def RFile():
    with open(‘hostlist.txt‘, ‘r+‘) as f:
        result=[]
        for line in f.readlines():
            host = line.strip().split()
            if host:
                result.append(host)
    return result

host_list = RFile()

def groupList():
    group_list = []
    for host in host_list:
        group_list.append(host[1])
    print (json.dumps({"all":group_list},indent=4))

def hostList(key):
    host_dict = {}
    for host in host_list:
        host_dict[host[1]] = {"ansible_ssh_host": host[1],"ansible_ssh_port":9999, "ansible_ssh_user":"test","ansible_ssh_pass":
"test","hostname":host[0]}
    print (json.dumps(host_dict[key], indent=4))

if len(sys.argv) == 2 and (sys.argv[1] == ‘--list‘):
    groupList()
elif len(sys.argv) == 3 and (sys.argv[1] == ‘--host‘):
    hostList(sys.argv[2])
else:
    print "Usage: %s --list or --host <hostname>" % sys.argv[0]
    sys.exit(1)

主机列表如下
more hostlist.txt 
backup01.cn 10.44.245.85

测试playbook：test.yml

$ more test.yml 
- hosts: all
  remote_user: test
  gather_facts: no
  become: yes
  become_method: sudo
  tasks:
    - name: test connection
      ping:

执行结果如下：

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.py test.yml 

PLAY [all] *********************************************************************

TASK [test connection] *********************************************************
ok: [10.44.245.85]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
10.44.245.85               : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0   

test connection --------------------------------------------------------- 1.17s

Playbook finished: Wed Feb 15 13:20:09 2017, 1 total tasks.  0:00:01 elapsed.

本文出自 “Linux之旅” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://openlinuxfly.blog.51cto.com/7120723/1898010