spring 入门笔记(一)
最近学习spring 通过笔记形式加深自己对spring的理解，也希望能跟各位入门者分享和讨论。
一、下载spring
下载spring也费了不少功夫，目前还没从spring官网找到下载入口，我从下面的网站下载spring-framework-4.0.5.RELEASE。
http://maven.springframework.org/release/org/springframework/spring/
直接解压，如下：
二、导入额外的包
因为springframework里边包含的包还不全面，需要额外导入，不然运行会出错。
1.commons-logging.jar
2.log4j.jar
这两个都要在网上下载。
导入这些包的方法：右键Project-Build Path-Add Libraries出现如下界面：
-next，添加包，最后界面是这样的。
三、bean装配
我们用HelloWorld来演示bean的装配。
首先定义一个HelloWorld的interface，代码如下
public interface HelloWorld { public void sayHello(); }
再定义HelloWorldBean class
public class HelloWorldBean implements HelloWorld { private String helloWorld; public void setHelloWorld(String helloWorld) { this.helloWorld = helloWorld; } public void sayHello() { System.out.println(helloWorld); } }
其中这两文件都放在SpringTest的src文件夹中。
新建测试文件FirstSpringDemo.java，首先我介绍一个网上的例子，其中这个例子使用的XmlBeanFactory在高版本的springframework中已经停止使用，我使用的spring框架是4.0.5，没法运行，2.7版本可以运行。
网上demo
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource; import org.springframework.core.io.Resource; public class FirstSpringDemo
{ public static void main(String[] args) { Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("ioc-config.xml"); BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource); HelloWorld hello = (HelloWorld) beanFactory.getBean("helloWorldBean");
} }
在4.0.5版本运行，会提示xmlbeanfactory deprecated。
以下是我测试成功的例子：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class FirstSpringDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"ioc-config.xml"}); BeanFactory factory = context; HelloWorldBean hello= (HelloWorldBean) factory.getBean("helloWorldBean"); hello.sayHello(); } }
这是在代码上的工作。
最重要的还有bean的装配，新建ioc-config.xml文件，beans有两种声明方法，文件内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="helloWorldBean" class="HelloWorldBean"> <property name="helloWorld"> <value>Hello,Welcome To Spring World!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
或
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <bean id="helloWorldBean" class="HelloWorldBean"> <property name="helloWorld"> <value>Hello,Welcome To Spring World!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
其中要注意几点：
1、第二种声明方法要跟spring-beans中的Meta-INF文件夹下spring.shemas里面的声明一致，如我的spring.shemas如下
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.5.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.1.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-4.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-4.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.5.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.1.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-4.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-4.0.xsd
跟我的声明是一致的，如果配置文件中声明的版本过高，会导致错误”beans 找不到声明“。
2、class="HelloWorldBean“需要注意HelloWorldBean.java编译之后的HelloWorldBean.class的位置，不然会提示
Cannot find class [XXX.HelloWorldBean] for bean with name ‘helloWorldBean‘ defined in class path resource [ioc-config.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:XXX.HelloWorldBean.
因为我三个class文件输出在同一个地方，所以是class="HelloWorldBean“。
四、配置日志输出
在SpringTest的src新建文件log4j.properties，有两种配置方式：
# Configure logging for testing: optionally with log file #\u53EF\u4EE5\u8BBE\u7F6E\u7EA7\u522B\uFF1Adebug>info>error #debug:\u53EF\u4EE5\u663E\u5F0Fdebug,info,error #info:\u53EF\u4EE5\u663E\u5F0Finfo,error #error:\u53EF\u4EE5\u663E\u5F0Ferror log4j.rootLogger=debug,appender1 #log4j.rootLogger=info,appender1 #log4j.rootLogger=error,appender1 #\u8F93\u51FA\u5230\u63A7\u5236\u53F0 log4j.appender.appender1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender #\u6837\u5F0F\u4E3ATTCCLayout log4j.appender.appender1.layout=org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout
或者
# Configure logging for testing: optionally with log file log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout # log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout, logfile log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
五、运行
以上三步准备妥当，运行程序，妥妥的打印出：
[main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment] [main] INFO org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@3b7951: startup date [Mon Jun 16 11:15:39 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment] [main] INFO org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [ioc-config.xml] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.PluggableSchemaResolver - Loading schema mappings from [META-INF/spring.schemas] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.PluggableSchemaResolver - Loaded schema mappings: {http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-4.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd} [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.PluggableSchemaResolver - Found XML schema [http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd] in classpath: org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-4.0.xsd [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader - Loading bean definitions [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loaded 1 bean definitions from location pattern [ioc-config.xml] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Bean factory for org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@3b7951: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@6a3f77: defining beans [helloWorldBean]; root of factory hierarchy [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate MessageSource with name ‘messageSource‘: using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@1375618] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name ‘applicationEventMulticaster‘: using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@f5e5e3] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@6a3f77: defining beans [helloWorldBean]; root of factory hierarchy [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean ‘helloWorldBean‘ [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean ‘helloWorldBean‘ [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean ‘helloWorldBean‘ to allow for resolving potential circular references [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean ‘helloWorldBean‘ [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name ‘lifecycleProcessor‘: using default [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor@102b3b1] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean ‘lifecycleProcessor‘ [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key ‘spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain‘ in [systemProperties] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key ‘spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain‘ in [systemEnvironment] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Could not find key ‘spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain‘ in any property source. Returning [null] [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean ‘helloWorldBean‘ Hello,Welcome To Spring World!
祝好！
文章来自：http://www.cnblogs.com/haihai1203/p/3790592.html